History of computer languages

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  • Ruby17
    Member
    • Sep 2008
    • 56

    History of computer languages

    1958

    FORTRAN II appears, able to handle subroutines and links to ***embly language. John McCarthy at M.I.T. begins work on LISP--LISt Processing.

    The original specification for ALGOL appears. The specific ation does not describe how data will be input or output; that is left to the individual implementations.



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    1959

    LISP 1.5 appears. COBOL is created by the Conference on Data Systems and Languages (CODASYL).



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    1960

    ALGOL 60 , the first block-structured language, appears. This is the root of the family tree that will ultimately produce the likes of Pascal. ALGOL goes on to become the most popular language in Europe in the mid- to late-1960s.

    Sometime in the early 1960s , Kenneth Iverson begins work on the language that will become APL--A Programming Language. It uses a specialized character set that, for proper use, requires APL-compatible I/O devices.



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    1962

    APL is documented in Iverson's book, A Pro gramming Language .

    FORTRAN IV appears.

    Work begins on the sure-fire winner of the "clever acronym" award, SNOBOL--StriNg-Oriented symBOlic Language. It will spawn other clever acronyms: FASBOL, a SNOBOL compiler (in 1971), and SPITBOL--SPeedy ImplemenTation of snoBOL--also in 1971.



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    1963

    ALGOL 60 is revised.

    Work begins on PL/1.



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    1964

    APL\360 is implemented.

    At Dartmouth University , professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz invent BASIC. The first implementation is a compiler. The first BASIC program runs at about 4:00 a.m. on May 1, 1964.

    PL/1 is released.



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    1965

    SNOBOL3 appears.



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    1966

    FORTRAN 66 appears.

    LISP 2 appears.

    Work begins on LOGO at Bolt, Beranek, & Newman. The team is headed by Wally Fuerzeig and includes Seymour Papert. LOGO is best known for its "turtle graphics."



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    1967

    SNOBOL4 , a much-enhanced SNOBOL, appears.



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    1968

    ALGOL 68 , a monster compared to ALGOL 60, appears. Some members of the specifications committee--including C.A.R. Hoare and Niklaus Wirth--protest its approval. ALGOL 68 proves difficult to implement.

    ALTRAN , a FORTRAN variant, appears.

    COBOL is officially defined by ANSI.

    Niklaus Wirth begins work on Pascal.



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    1969

    500 people attend an APL conference at IBM's headquarters in Armonk, New York. The demands for APL's distribution are so great that the event is later referred to as "The March on Armonk."



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    1970

    Sometime in the early 1970s , Charles Moore writes the first significant programs in his new language, Forth.

    Work on Prolog begins about this time.

    Also sometime in the early 1970s , work on Smalltalk begins at Xerox PARC, led by Alan Kay. Early versions will include Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, and Smalltalk-76.

    An implementation of Pascal appears on a CDC 6000-series computer.

    Icon , a descendant of SNOBOL4, appears.



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    1972

    The manuscript for Konrad Zuse's Plankalkul (see 1946) is finally published.

    Denni s Ritchie produces C. The definitive reference manual for it will not appear until 1974.

    The first implementation of Prolog -- by Alain Colmerauer and Phillip Roussel -- appears.



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    1974

    Another ANSI specification for COBOL appears.



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    1975

    Tiny BASIC by Bob Albrecht and Dennis Allison (implementation by Dick Whipple and John Arnold) runs on a microcomputer in 2 KB of RAM. A 4-KB machine is sizable, which left 2 KB available for the program.

    Bill Gates and Paul Allen write a version of BASIC that they sell to MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) on a per-copy royalty basis. MITS is producing the Altair, an 8080-based microcomputer.

    Scheme , a LISP dialect by G.L. Steele and G.J. Sussman, appears.

    Pascal User Manual and Report , by Jensen and Wirth, is published. Still considered by many to be the definitive reference on Pascal.

    B.W. Kerninghan describes RATFOR--RATional FORTRAN. It is a preprocessor that allows C-like control structures in FORTRAN. RATFOR is used in Kernighan and Plauger's "Software Tools," which appears in 1976.

    To be Continued...........
    Last edited by Ruby17; 09-10-2008, 03:48 PM.
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